It is proven that high blood pressure is the result of artery sclerosis and the cause of serious heart disease.People with adult indicators are diagnosed with arterial hypertension.Due to the narrowing of vessels that have lost elasticity, there is an increase in pressure on others.This slows blood circulation and increases the load on the heart.
The rate and pathology of blood pressure
The optimal blood pressure is the value of the tonometer of 120/80 mm.Rt.Art.Pressure is considered increased when arterial indicators steadily exceed the comfortable rate for people by 10%.
Temporary fluctuation of blood pressure, changes during the day are a common occurrence.
| Hypertension | Systolic indicator (garden), mm.Rt.Art. | Diastolic indicator (DAD), mm.Rt.Art. |
|---|---|---|
| Optimal blood pressure | 120 | 80 |
| rate | From 120 to 130 | From 80 to 85 |
| PREVENTION | From 130 to 140 | From 85 to 90 |
| GB 1 stage (soft hypertension) | From 140 to 160 | From 90 to 100 |
| GB 2 stages (moderate) | From 160 to 180 | From 100 to 110 |
| Stages of GB 3 | More than 180 | More than 110 |
| Isag (insulated systolic arterial hypertension | More than 140 | Less than 90 |
Why is a person dangerous in a person?
Initial symptoms of increased pressure: weakness, mild dizziness, poor sleep, flies before the eyes are taken by a person for signs of fatigue, which determines the progression of hypertension without any medical care.
If you leave the situation without attention, the serious consequences of high pressure cannot be avoided, a person can wait:
- stroke;
- stroke;
- acute heart failure;
- pulmonary thromboembolism;
- stratification or aortic gap.
In the last stages of these diseases, a fatal outcome is possible.A particularly severe form of the disease is malignant hypertension.It is diagnosed in one of two hundred patients, most often - men.The disease does not stop at any medication, the medication even exacerbates the patient's condition.One person "burns" for six months due to complications.
Hypertension risk factors
High blood pressure is closely linked to risk factors that may be individual, or external (acquired).
| Individual risk factors | Provocative factors |
|---|---|
| Genetic predisposition: If both parents suffer from hypertension, the disease develops in children in more than 50% of cases (the risk of hypertension in children whose parents had normal blood pressure - not more than 20%) | Alimentary: a diet of an atherogenic profile with a large number of saturated fatty acids (sausages, smoked meats, cakes, chocolate, snack), daily use of a large amount of salt (more than 5 g) |
| Age: Increased pressure takes place to 15% - from 50 to 60 years, to 30% - from 60 to 70, 40% over 70 years | Smoking-it is proven to be from nicotine that increases blood pressure: a stroke and heart attack on smokers occur 2-3 times more often than that of non-smokers |
| Paul: The prevalence of arterial hypertension under the age of 40 in men is much higher than in women, later these changes are softened | Excessive consumption of coffee daily is harmful to the tone of blood vessels, causing their spasm and automatically increasing pressure |
| Obesity: The dependence between the mass of the body and the blood pressure level is a straight line.Plus 10 kg increases systolic indicator by 2-3 units, and diastolic-by 1-3. In fatty people, hypertension occurs 2-6 times more often (in 78% of men and 64% of women, arterial hypertension is due to excess body weight), weight loss leads to a decrease in pressure |
The flexible causes of increased pressure are stress, excessive work, repeated negative emotions, psycho -emotional overloads, mental overload |
| Personal Characteristics: Easily irritating nervous system, ambition, doubt, dissatisfaction achieved, an unbearable desire for competition is the reasons why the pressure of very exciting people increases | A decreased lifestyle: in hypodynamic people, the risk of arterial hypertension is 25% higher than in physically active or trained (physical activity during work activity increases blood pressure, and decreases during rest) |
| Race: Africano -Americans, mostly females, fall into the risk group | Alcoholism - destroys the liver, violates metabolic processes, adversely affects the tone of blood vessels (toxins) |
People prone to hypertension should remind you of which pressure is still increasing, this is: irregular work day, night shifts, professional damage, frequent climate change, time zones.
The main reasons for increasing blood pressure
Along with the provocative moments or the origin in which hypertension occurs, high pressure provokes specific causes that may be physiological or pathological.
| Physiological | Pathological |
|---|---|
| gestation | Injury re-tru |
| Drug taking: NSAID, diuretics, narcotic substances, hormonal contraceptives | Disruption of kidney, heart, brain, liver function |
| Hormonal background fluctuations: puberty, menopause, menstruation | Somatic diseases, seals of chronic infection |
| The anatomical characteristics of the human body structure | Vsd |
| The insomnia of each genesis | Dyslipidemia and increased content of uric acid level |
| By having elevators | Diabetes |
| METE -Sensitivity | tumors |
| For a long time not treated migraine | Thrombosis or vascular embolism |
| Sauna or hot bath | Osteochondrosis |
Symptoms and signs of arterial hypertension
With increased pressure, a person begins to feel discomfort, the first signs of which are made:
- headache, a feeling of squeezing the temples with a pin;
- The feeling that the head is "stagnant";
- dizziness;
- Noise in the ears, lighting flies in front of the eyes;
- unpleasant sensations after sternum;
- weakness;
- sleep disorders.
These initial symptoms of hypertension.A person receives an increase in blood pressure for excessive work, fatigue.Without treatment, the condition gradually passes to the boundary line or labile hypertension, which is characterized by pressure fluctuations as a pendulum.Occurs at different ages and may be:
- Youth;
- neurotic;
- menopause;
- alcohol;
- sport;
- PROFESSIONAL
Its main features are considered to be:
- Episodic increase in blood pressure from 140/90 to 160/95 (in USA and European Union - from 130/85 to 140/90) and never beyond these borders;
- independent normalization of pressure without additional intervention;
- Lack of changes in target organs: heart, kidneys, brains, bloody vessels;
- Symptomatic (secondary) hypertension excluded reliable.
Continuous high arterial pressure left without attention will become the leading cause of hypertension.Is characterized by the following symptoms:
- violation of visual acuity;
- interruptions in heart work with acute pain after sternum;
- page works, heat sensation throughout the body;
- cold limbs with partial loss of sensitivity, numbness;
- Narbing;
- fatigue, irritability without cause;
- tachycardia;
- Pulse in temples;
- sweating or internal conversion;
- consequence;
- anxiety;
- a sense of complete void, powerlessness;
- Premurox, fainting;
- muscle cramps;
- Vibration of arms and legs.
Adult pressure in pregnant women has its own special manifestations, this is:
- sharp deterioration in well -being;
- pain in the back of the head;
- veil in front of their eyes;
- noise in the ears;
- vomiting;
- high temperature;
- red face;
- nose bleeding;
- The result in the foot.
Anydo of these signs or symptoms suggests tonometer and timely search of a doctor.
To do if the pressure has increased?
High left pressure can cause fatal and non -fatal complications: cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular insufficiency, chronic kidney disease.
Consider what should be done at home if hell has grown:
- to help a person find a suitable rest for relaxation (preferably half durable, in high pillows);
- provide complete peace (without sounds, without irritating light, without movement);
- Open windows - oxygen flow;
- Prepare a hot foot bath and, when stabilizing the blood pressure number, lower your feet in it for 10 minutes, which will ensure blood flow from the head, will improve well;
- With an increase in pressure, you can put a mustard on the back of your head or caviar for 5-15 minutes, make a compress from the cider vinegar;
- Relax in a chair or in a chair, run your back, soak deep with your nose, bring out with your mouth (5 times);
- You can drop high pressure on your back: it is necessary to stop your breath for 2 seconds, which in 5 minutes normalizes the emotional background, reduces blood pressure to 30 units, watch the video below;
- Massage of the acupuncture point under the ear or half a centimeter towards the nose from it, as well as the points between the eyebrows, is possible in the nose.
Without a doctor, hoping for himself only, taking any drugs is unacceptable.
medicaments
They are prescribed by a physician for chronic hypertension, when pressure 160/90 and higher, strictly individual, related to the cause of hypertension and the nature of its course.
| Drug | The mechanism of action |
|---|---|
| Ace blockers | Obstruct vasoconstrictive enzymes |
| Diuretics | Excessive fluids remove, balancing the total volume of circulating blood |
| Calcium antagonists | Balancing of calcium ions that are not associated with proteins needed for normal myocardial function |
| Beta | Lower heartbeat, blood pressure (cannot be used for diabetes and asthma) |
| Blocking alpha | Early reduction of pressure |
| Vasodilators | Expand the vessels, removing the spasm |
| Antagonists angiotensin-2 | Block the kidney angiotensin, narrowing the vessels |
Potential complications
When the pressure is increased, this includes dangerous body disorders:
- arrhythmias of different genesis;
- tachycardia;
- hypoxia, ischemia of tissue and organs;
- Stenosis of the arteries, capillaries;
- violation of aldosterone synthesis with the development of edema, an increase in the total volume of circulating blood;
- decreased kidney function;
- development of atherosclerosis;
Merbs in the metabolism system ultimately lead to acute conditions incompatible with life (heart attack, stroke, acute heart failure).
PREVENTION
The doctor will help design an individual high pressure prevention program, the main events are as follows:
- Weight control (each + 1 kg increases blood pressure from several units);
- balanced diet;
- rejection of bad habits;
- physical activity;
- accurate alternation of rest and work;
- Good sleep;
- Positive mood every day.
Elderly recommended treatment of sanatorium resoria.